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ARM 1

ARM7 1

CAN总线 1

Nagle算法 1

仿人机器人 1

崎岖地面行走 1

嵌入式Internet 1

延迟确认策略 1

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机械臂系统 1

死锁 1

滑雪式步态 1

美国国防部先进研究项目局举办的机器人大挑战赛（DRC） 1

自学习模糊控制 1

远程控制 1

连续轨迹控制 1

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A modular cable-driven humanoid arm with anti-parallelogram mechanisms and Bowden cables

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0722-2

摘要： This paper proposes a novel modular cable-driven humanoid arm with anti-parallelogram mechanisms (APMs) and Bowden cables. The lightweight arm realizes the advantage of joint independence and the rational layout of the driving units on the base. First, this paper analyzes the kinematic performance of the APM and uses the rolling motion between two ellipses to approximate a pure-circular-rolling motion. Then, a novel type of one-degree-of-freedom (1-DOF) elbow joint is proposed based on this principle, which is also applied to design the 3-DOF wrist and shoulder joints. Next, Bowden cables are used to connect the joints and their driving units to obtain a modular cable-driven arm with excellent joint independence. After that, both the forward and inverse kinematics of the entire arm are analyzed. Last, a humanoid arm prototype was developed, and the assembly velocity, joint motion performance, joint stiffness, load carrying, typical humanoid arm movements, and repeatability were tested to verify the arm performance.

关键词： modular robotic arm anti-parallelogram mechanism Bowden cable humanoid arm lightweight joint design

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LARM PKM solutions for torso design in humanoid robots

Marco CECCARELLI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第9卷第4期页码 308-316 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0318-6

摘要：

Human-like torso features are essential in humanoid robots. In this paper problems for design and operation of solutions for a robotic torso are discussed by referring to experiences and designs that have been developed at Laboratory of Robotics and Mechatronics (LARM) in Cassino, Italy. A new solution is presented with conceptual views as waist-trunk structure that makes a proper partition of the performance for walking and arm operations as sustained by a torso.

关键词： humanoid robots torso design parallel manipulators (PKM) conceptual design

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Precise semi-analytical inverse kinematic solution for 7-DOF offset manipulator with arm angle optimization

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第3期页码 435-450 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0630-x

摘要： Seven-degree-of-freedom redundant manipulators with link offset have many advantages, including obvious geometric significance and suitability for configu-ration control. Their configuration is similar to that of the experimental module manipulator (EMM) in the Chinese Space Station Remote Manipulator System. However, finding the analytical solution of an EMM on the basis of arm angle parameterization is difficult. This study proposes a high-precision, semi-analytical inverse method for EMMs. Firstly, the analytical inverse kinematic solution is established based on joint angle parameterization. Secondly, the analytical inverse kinematic solution for a non-offset spherical–roll–spherical (SRS) redundant manipulator is derived based on arm angle parameterization. The approximate solution of the EMM is calculated in accordance with the relationship between the joint angles of the EMM and the SRS manipulator. Thirdly, the error is corrected using a numerical method through the analytical inverse solution based on joint angle parameterization. After selecting the stride and termination condition, the precise inverse solution is computed for the EMM based on arm angle parameterization. Lastly, case solutions confirm that this method has high precision, and the arm angle parameterization method is superior to the joint angle parameterization method in terms of parameter selection.

关键词： 7-DOF redundant manipulator inverse kinematics semi-analytical arm angle link offset

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Function-oriented optimization design method for underactuated tendon-driven humanoid prosthetic hand

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0696-0

摘要： The loss of hand functions in upper limb amputees severely restricts their mobility in daily life. Wearing a humanoid prosthetic hand would be an effective way of restoring lost hand functions. In a prosthetic hand design, replicating the natural and dexterous grasping functions with a few actuators remains a big challenge. In this study, a function-oriented optimization design (FOD) method is proposed for the design of a tendon-driven humanoid prosthetic hand. An optimization function of different functional conditions of full-phalanx contact, total contact force, and force isotropy was constructed based on the kinetostatic model of a prosthetic finger for the evaluation of grasping performance. Using a genetic algorithm, the optimal geometric parameters of the prosthetic finger could be determined for specific functional requirements. Optimal results reveal that the structure of the prosthetic finger is significantly different when designed for different functional requirements and grasping target sizes. A prosthetic finger was fabricated and tested with grasping experiments. The mean absolute percentage error between the theoretical value and the experimental result is less than 10%, demonstrating that the kinetostatic model of the prosthetic finger is effective and makes the FOD method possible. This study suggests that the FOD method enables the systematic evaluation of grasping performance for prosthetic hands in the design stage, which could improve the design efficiency and help prosthetic hands meet the design requirements.

关键词： function-oriented tendon driven prosthetic hand optimization humanoid underactuated

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A novel task-oriented framework for dual-arm robotic assembly task

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第3期页码 528-545 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0638-2

摘要： In industrial manufacturing, the deployment of dual-arm robots in assembly tasks has become a trend. However, making the dual-arm robots more intelligent in such applications is still an open, challenging issue. This paper proposes a novel framework that combines task-oriented motion planning with visual perception to facilitate robot deployment from perception to execution and finish assembly problems by using dual-arm robots. In this framework, visual perception is first employed to track the effects of the robot behaviors and observe states of the workpieces, where the performance of tasks can be abstracted as a high-level state for intelligent reasoning. The assembly task and manipulation sequences can be obtained by analyzing and reasoning the state transition trajectory of the environment as well as the workpieces. Next, the corresponding assembly manipulation can be generated and parameterized according to the differences between adjacent states by combining with the prebuilt knowledge of the scenarios. Experiments are set up with a dual-arm robotic system (ABB YuMi and an RGB-D camera) to validate the proposed framework. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and the promising value of its practical application.

关键词： dual-arm assembly AI reasoning intelligent system task-oriented motion planning visual perception

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智能阀门定位系统的设计

吴爱国,王立石

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第4期页码 69-73

摘要：

介绍了一种基于ARM的智能阀门定位系统的硬件设计和定位控制方法。其中应用Philips公司的带CAN总线接口的ARM控制器作为系统的控制核心，既满足了现场实时数据的采集、计算和处理，又可以通过CAN总线使得阀门控制器和控制中心保持实时通信；控制策略采用带智能积分的自学习模糊控制算法

关键词： ARM 控制器 CAN总线智能积分自学习模糊控制

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Different manipulation mode analysis of a radial symmetrical hexapod robot with leg–arm integration

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第1期页码 8-8 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0664-0

摘要： With the widespread application of legged robot in various fields, the demand for a robot with high locomotion and manipulation ability is increasing. Adding an extra arm is a useful but general method for a legged robot to obtain manipulation ability. Hence, this paper proposes a novel hexapod robot with two integrated leg–arm limbs that obtain dexterous manipulation functions besides locomotion ability without adding an extra arm. The manipulation modes can be divided into coordinated manipulation condition and single-limb manipulation condition. The former condition mainly includes fixed coordinated clamping case and fixed coordinated shearing case. For the fixed coordinated clamping case, the degrees of freedom (DOFs) analysis of equivalent parallel mechanism by using screw theory and the constraint equation of two integrated limbs are established. For the fixed coordinated shearing case, the coordinated working space is determined, and an ideal coordinated manipulation ball is presented to guide the coordinated shearing task. In addition, the constraint analysis of two adjacent integrated limbs is performed. Then, mobile manipulation with one integrated leg–arm limb while using pentapod gait is discussed as the single-limb manipulation condition, including gait switching analysis between hexapod gait and pentapod gait, different pentapod gaits analysis, and a complex six-DOF manipulation while walking. Corresponding experiments are implemented, including clamping tasks with two integrated limbs, coordinated shearing task by using two integrated limbs, and mobile manipulation with pentapod gait. This robot provides a new approach to building a multifunctional locomotion platform.

关键词： leg–arm integration hexapod robot fixed coordinated manipulation mobile manipulation

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Design and experiment of a novel pneumatic soft arm based on a deployable origami exoskeleton

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0770-2

摘要： Soft arms have shown great application potential because of their flexibility and compliance in unstructured environments. However, soft arms made from soft materials exhibit limited cargo-loading capacity, which restricts their ability to manipulate objects. In this research, a novel soft arm was developed by coupling a rigid origami exoskeleton with soft airbags. The joint module of the soft arm was composed of a deployable origami exoskeleton and three soft airbags. The motion and load performance of the soft arm of the eight-joint module was tested. The developed soft arm withstood at least 5 kg of load during extension, contraction, and bending motions; exhibited bistable characteristics in both fully contracted and fully extended states; and achieved a bending angle of more than 240° and a contraction ratio of more than 300%. In addition, the high extension, contraction, bending, and torsional stiffnesses of the soft arm were experimentally demonstrated. A kinematic-based trajectory planning of the soft arm was performed to evaluate its error in repetitive motion. This work will provide new design ideas and methods for flexible manipulation applications of soft arms.

关键词： pneumatic soft arm soft airbag deployable origami exoskeleton bistable characteristics cargo-loading capacity

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Ahybrid biogeography-based optimization method for the inverse kinematics problem of an 8-DOF redundant humanoid

Zi-wu REN,Zhen-hua WANG,Li-ning SUN

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第7期页码 607-616 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.14a0335

摘要： The redundant humanoid manipulator has characteristics of multiple degrees of freedom and complex joint structure, and it is not easy to obtain its inverse kinematics solution. The inverse kinematics problem of a humanoid manipulator can be formulated as an equivalent minimization problem, and thus it can be solved using some numerical optimization methods. Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is a new biogeography inspired optimization algorithm, and it can be adopted to solve the inverse kinematics problem of a humanoid manipulator. The standard BBO algorithm that uses traditional migration and mutation operators suffers from slow convergence and prematurity. A hybrid biogeography-based optimization (HBBO) algorithm, which is based on BBO and differential evolution (DE), is presented. In this hybrid algorithm, new habitats in the ecosystem are produced through a hybrid migration operator, that is, the BBO migration strategy and DE/best/1/bin differential strategy, to alleviate slow convergence at the later evolution stage of the algorithm. In addition, a Gaussian mutation operator is adopted to enhance the exploration ability and improve the diversity of the population. Based on these, an 8-DOF (degree of freedom) redundant humanoid manipulator is employed as an example. The end-effector error (position and orientation) and the ‘away limitation level’ value of the 8-DOF humanoid manipulator constitute the fitness function of HBBO. The proposed HBBO algorithm has been used to solve the inverse kinematics problem of the 8-DOF redundant humanoid manipulator. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.

关键词： Inverse kinematics problem 8-DOF humanoid manipulator Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) Differential evolution (DE)

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Superunderactuated Multifingered Hand for Humanoid Robot

ZHANG Wen-zeng, CHEN Qiang, SUN Zhen-guo, XU Lei

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第1期页码 33-39 doi: 10.1007/s11465-005-0015-6

摘要：

A novel underactuated finger mechanism was designed. Finger mechanism was incorporated into a humanoid robot hand to obtain more degrees of freedom with less actuators and good grasping functions with shape adaptation, therefore decreasing the requirements for the control system. A novel superunderactuated multifingered hand (TH-2 Hand) for a humanoid robot was designed based on a previous underactuated finger mechanism. The TH-2 Hand was attached to a humanoid robot because of its high personification, superunderactuation, compactness, easy real-time control, small volume, light weight, and strong grasping function.

关键词： control real-time control superunderactuation TH-2 personification

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Trajectory planning and base attitude restoration of dual-arm free-floating space robot by enhanced bidirectional

Zongwu XIE1 , Xiaoyu ZHAO1 , Zainan JIANG1 , Haitao YANG2 , Chongyang LI1

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0658-y

摘要： When free-floating space robots perform space tasks, the satellite base attitude is disturbed by the dynamic coupling. The disturbance of the base orientation may affect the communication between the space robot and the control center on earth. In this paper, the enhanced bidirectional approach is proposed to plan the manipulator trajectory and eliminate the final base attitude variation. A novel acceleration level state equation for the nonholonomic problem is proposed, and a new intermediate variable-based Lyapunov function is derived and solved for smooth joint trajectory and restorable base trajectories. In the method, the state equation is first proposed for dual-arm robots with and without end constraints, and the system stability is analyzed to obtain the system input. The input modification further increases the system stability and simplifies the calculation complexity. Simulations are carried out in the end, and the proposed method is validated in minimizing final base attitude change and trajectory smoothness. Moreover, the minute internal force during the coordinated operation and the considerable computing efficiency increases the feasibility of the method during space tasks.

关键词： free-floating space robot dual arm coordinated operation base attitude restoration bidirectional approach

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A virtual reality system for arm and hand rehabilitation

Zhiqiang LUO, Chee Kian LIM, I-Ming CHEN, Song Huat YEO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第1期页码 23-32 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0202-6

摘要：

This paper presents a virtual reality (VR) system for upper limb rehabilitation. The system incorporates two motion track components, the Arm Suit and the Smart Glove which are composed of a range of the optical linear encoders (OLE) and the inertial measurement units (IMU), and two interactive practice applications designed for driving users to perform the required functional and non-functional motor recovery tasks. We describe the technique details about the two motion track components and the rational to design two practice applications. The experiment results show that, compared with the marker-based tracking system, the Arm Suit can accurately track the elbow and wrist positions. The repeatability of the Smart Glove on measuring the five fingers’ movement can be satisfied. Given the low cost, high accuracy and easy installation, the system thus promises to be a valuable complement to conventional therapeutic programs offered in rehabilitation clinics and at home.

关键词： motion tracking rehabilitation optical linear encoder (OLE) virtual reality

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网络远程控制中机械臂的连续轨迹控制

郑桦,丛爽

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第10期页码 91-95

摘要：

探讨了点位控制在二自由度机械臂网络远程控制中的问题，将连续轨迹控制应用到基于关节坐标空间的机器人控制系统中，分析了在远程操控环境中实现连续轨迹控制所需要满足的条件，给出了最佳合成速度的求法，并进行了实际系统的远程控制实验，在期望时间内实现了连续、平滑的运动效果，证实了在网络远程系统的控制中采用连续轨迹控制能够获得更高的精度。

关键词：远程控制连续轨迹控制机械臂系统

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嵌入式Internet 中Nagle 算法及其应用研究

王宝宝,余世明,王振宇

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第2期页码 101-105

摘要：通过ARM7 32 位micro control unit（MCU）和上位机personal computer（PC）构建嵌入式Internet 网络，分析Nagle 算法的原理和工作机制。

关键词： Nagle算法死锁延迟确认策略 ARM7 嵌入式Internet

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An experimental analysis of human straight walking

Tao LI, Marco CECCARELLI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第8卷第1期页码 95-103 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0357-4

摘要：

In this paper, an experimental analysis of human straight walking has been presented. Experiments on human walking were carried out by using Cassino tracking system which is a passive cable-based measuring system. This system is adopted because it is capable of both pose and wrench measurements with fairly simple monitoring of operation. By using experimental results, trajectories of a human limb extremity and its posture have been analyzed; forces that are exerted against cables by the limb of a person under test have been measured by force sensors as well. Furthermore, by using experimental tests, modeling and characterization of the human straight walking gait have been proposed.

关键词： human locomotion walking gait characterization humanoid robot biped robot